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1.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 20(77): 35-44, ene.-mar. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-173580

RESUMO

Objetivos: evaluar las actitudes de los pediatras de Atención Primaria de nuestro medio sobre la alimentación complementaria y revisar las publicaciones relacionadas con la modalidad baby-led-weaning. Material y método: estudio descriptivo mediante la elaboración de una encuesta con 36 preguntas relacionadas con la alimentación complementaria y conocimientos sobre baby-led-weaning. Su distribución se realizó mediante correo electrónico a través de la lista de correo de la Asociación Española de Pediatría de Atención Primaria. Resultados: se analizaron los datos de 579 encuestas. El 95,3% de los pediatras emplean una hoja informativa, en un 28,6% de elaboración propia. La edad a la que recomiendan el inicio de la alimentación complementaria es en el 60,6% de los casos los seis meses, en el 24,9% los cinco meses y en el 10,7% los cuatro meses, siendo el cereal el alimento preferido para iniciarla en el 39,4% de los casos. El 61,1% aconsejan iniciar la alimentación complementaria con cuchara, el 21,4% con biberón y un 17,4% no especifica cómo hacerlo. El 54,6% aconseja la masticación tan pronto como el niño tiene interés y hasta un 10,7% no la recomienda hasta que el niño no tiene el año de edad. El 79,4% conoce la modalidad baby-led-weaning, el 45,3% la recomienda en ocasiones y un 6,6% siempre. Las principales razones para no indicarlo son la falta de información (67,2%), la escasa evidencia científica (10,6%) y el temor a que el niño presente atragantamientos (10,6%). Conclusiones: hay gran variabilidad en los consejos sobre alimentación complementaria entre los pediatras encuestados. La técnica más usada sigue siendo en nuestro medio la tradicional. Cada vez son más los pediatras que conocen la técnica del baby-led-weaning, pero pocos los que se sienten preparados para aconsejarla siempre


Objectives: to assess the attitudes of Spanish primary care paediatricians regarding complementary feeding and review the published evidence on the baby-led-weaning approach. Methods: a thirty-six item questionnaire about complementary feeding and baby-led-weaning was drafted and distributed through the Spanish Association of Primary Care Paediatricians mailing list. Results: we received 579 responses. Of all respondents, 95.3% reported using an informational handout (28.6% of their own making). Paediatricians recommended introducing complementary foods at age six months (60.6%), five months (24.9%) and four months (10.7%), and cereal was the food recommended to start complementary feeding by 39.4% of respondents. Nearly 61% of physicians recommended spoon-feeding, 21.4% bottle-feeding and 17.4% no particular feeding method. Of all respondents, 54.6% recommended giving the child foods to chew as soon as the child showed interest in it, and up to 10.7% recommended delaying it under age 1 year. Seventy-nine percent knew about baby-led-weaning, 45.3% recommended it in some cases and 6.6% routinely. The main concerns of the respondents were lack of information (67.2%), lack of scientific evidence (10.6%) and the potential risk of choking (10.6%). Conclusions: there is huge variability in the recommendations regarding complementary feeding. The approach used most frequently in Spain is the traditional one. The number of paediatricians that know about the baby-led-weaning approach is growing, but few are prepared to recommend it routinely


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição do Lactente , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Pediatria/estatística & dados numéricos , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Pediatria/educação , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Inquéritos e Questionários
2.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 87(3): 128-134, sept. 2017. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-166295

RESUMO

Objetivo: Conocer las principales características clínicas y epidemiológicas de la gastroenteritis bacteriana pediátrica en nuestro medio. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional en el ámbito de la población española. Recogida de encuestas durante un año de niños con coprocultivo positivo a bacterias. Análisis bivariado y 2 modelos multivariantes (para las variables tratamiento antibiótico, y comparación Campylobacter/Salmonella). Resultados: Un total de 729 episodios de gastroenteritis bacteriana en las 17 comunidades autónomas (41,2% mujeres y 58,8% varones). La mediana de la edad fue 3,41 años (rango intercuartílico 1,55 a 6,72). El 59,9% de los aislamientos fueron Campylobacter, el 31,8% Salmonella no tifoidea, el 2,7% Aeromonas, el 2,5% Yersinia y más de un germen el 1,5%. La mayoría de contagios (70%) son directos, y la intoxicación alimentaria es más improbable (25,9%). Salmonella es significativamente menos frecuente que Campylobacter en menores de 3 años (OR ajustada: 0,61; IC95%: 0,43 a 0,86; p = 0,005), y Campylobacter es más habitual en el medio rural (OR ajustada 1,48; IC95%: 1,07 a 2,07; p = 0,012). Se indicó antibiótico en el 33,2% de los casos, significativamente más si hubo productos patológicos en heces (OR ajustada: 1,53; IC95%: 1,04 a 2,27; p=0,031), duró más de 7 días (OR ajustada: 2,81; IC95%: 2,01 a 3,93; p<0,000), o se hospitalizó (OR ajustada: 1,95; IC95%: 1,08 a 3,52; p=0,027). Conclusiones: La etiología de la diarrea bacteriana pediátrica es la propia de un país desarrollado. El mecanismo de contagio es principalmente directo, y se tratan con antibióticos más casos de los que parecería recomendable (AU)


Objective: To determine the main clinical and epidemiological features of bacterial gastroenteritis in our environment. Patients and methods: An observational study of a Spanish population in 17 Autonomous Communities. Questionnaires of children with a stool positive culture to bacteria were collected over a one year period. A bivariate analysis was performed on the variables involved, as well as two multivariate models (for antibiotic treatment variables, and comparison Campylobacter/Salmonella). Results: A total of 729 bacterial gastroenteritis episodes were recorded in the 17 Spanish autonomous regions, of which 41.2% were girls and 58.8% boys. The median age was 3.41 years old (interquartile range 1.55 to 6.72). The bacteria isolated were 59.9% Campylobacter, 31.8% non-Typhi Salmonella, 2.7% Aeromonas, 2.4% Yersinia, and 1.5% had more than one strain. Most infections (70%) were direct contacts, and food poisoning was less probable (25.9%). Salmonella is significantly less frequent than Campylobacter in children under the age of 3 years (adjusted OR 0.61; 95%CI: 0.43 to 0.86; P=.005), and Campylobacter is more frequent in rural areas (adjusted OR 1.48; 95%CI: 1.07 to 2.07; P=.012). Antibiotic was prescribed in 33.2% of cases. There was a greater significant difference if stools contained blood or mucus (adjusted OR 1.53; 95% CI: 1.04 to 2.27; P = .031), if the symptoms lasted more than 7days (adjusted OR 2.81; 95% CI: 2.01 to 3.93; P < .000), or if the child was admitted to hospital (adjusted OR 1.95; 95% CI: 1.08 to 3.52; P = .027). Conclusions: The aetiology of bacterial diarrhoea in paediatrics is typical of that of a developed country. The transmission mechanism is mainly direct, and more cases than appropriate are treated with antibiotics (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Diarreia Infantil/epidemiologia , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Estudo Observacional , Inquéritos de Morbidade
4.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 87(3): 128-134, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27686392

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the main clinical and epidemiological features of bacterial gastroenteritis in our environment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational study of a Spanish population in 17 Autonomous Communities. Questionnaires of children with a stool positive culture to bacteria were collected over a one year period. A bivariate analysis was performed on the variables involved, as well as two multivariate models (for antibiotic treatment variables, and comparison Campylobacter/Salmonella). RESULTS: A total of 729 bacterial gastroenteritis episodes were recorded in the 17 Spanish autonomous regions, of which 41.2% were girls and 58.8% boys. The median age was 3.41 years old (interquartile range 1.55 to 6.72). The bacteria isolated were 59.9% Campylobacter, 31.8% non-Typhi Salmonella, 2.7% Aeromonas, 2.4% Yersinia, and 1.5% had more than one strain. Most infections (70%) were direct contacts, and food poisoning was less probable (25.9%). Salmonella is significantly less frequent than Campylobacter in children under the age of 3 years (adjusted OR 0.61; 95%CI: 0.43 to 0.86; P=.005), and Campylobacter is more frequent in rural areas (adjusted OR 1.48; 95%CI: 1.07 to 2.07; P=.012). Antibiotic was prescribed in 33.2% of cases. There was a greater significant difference if stools contained blood or mucus (adjusted OR 1.53; 95%CI: 1.04 to 2.27; P=.031), if the symptoms lasted more than 7days (adjusted OR 2.81; 95%CI: 2.01 to 3.93; P<.000), or if the child was admitted to hospital (adjusted OR 1.95; 95%CI: 1.08 to 3.52; P=.027). CONCLUSIONS: The aetiology of bacterial diarrhoea in paediatrics is typical of that of a developed country. The transmission mechanism is mainly direct, and more cases than appropriate are treated with antibiotics.


Assuntos
Infecções Bacterianas , Gastroenterite/microbiologia , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Infecções Bacterianas/tratamento farmacológico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Feminino , Gastroenterite/diagnóstico , Gastroenterite/tratamento farmacológico , Gastroenterite/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Espanha/epidemiologia
5.
Pediatr. aten. prim ; 18(71): 267-274, jul.-sept. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-156618

RESUMO

El método preferido de cribado visual entre los tres y los cinco años es la medida directa de la agudeza visual con optotipos. En el presente trabajo se describe el procedimiento de valoración de la agudeza visual con optotipos, se analizan los requisitos que deben cumplir los optotipos más adecuados y se actualizan los criterios de derivación a oftalmología de acuerdo con las recomendaciones más recientes (AU)


The preferred method of visual screening in 3 to 5 year olds is the direct measure of visual acuity with optotypes. In the present paper the procedure of assessment of visual acuity with optotypes is described. The features the adequate optotypes must meet are analyzed and the referral criteria to the ophthalmologist according to the most recent recommendations are updated (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Adolescente , Acuidade Visual/fisiologia , Oftalmopatias/epidemiologia , Oftalmopatias/prevenção & controle , Fatores de Risco , Garantia da Qualidade dos Cuidados de Saúde/métodos , Determinação de Necessidades de Cuidados de Saúde/normas
9.
Recurso na Internet em Espanhol | LIS - Localizador de Informação em Saúde, LIS-ES-PROF | ID: lis-42134

RESUMO

Plan que tiene como objetivos, frenar la tendencia ascendente de las tasas de obesidad infantil; mejorar la atención sanitaria de los niños y niñas con obesidad y sus familias; disminuir la aparición de complicaciones y mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas con obesidad. La página ofrece acceso al texto completo del plan y a diversas ponencias.


Assuntos
Obesidade , Criança , Planos Ambientais Regionais , Planos de Sistemas de Saúde
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